To Age or not to Age :: Essays

To Age or not to Age (1) In â€Å"Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment," Nathaniel Hawthorne expresses [Diction] that if given the chance to regain your youth, some would not have learned from their past mistakes, to change the way would live their life again. In â€Å"Dr Heidegger’s Experiment† Hawthorne uses his characters to describe how life experiences should have an impression in our lives. (2) Dr Heidegger was an old scientist, who has a very strange way of presenting himself. He works by himself in his study. Which many find to be a â€Å"very curious place.†(Pg. 578) [Frag -1] In his study there is a picture of a women [Hostage 50] who once was his lover. She was going to be the one that he was going to marry, but she had been affected with a disorder and had taken some of the pills he prescribed and died. â€Å"She had swallowed one of her lovers prescription’s and died on the bridal evening.†(Pg. 579) It is thought that Dr. Heidegger might have had something to do with her death, but it was unknown. â€Å"The greatest curiosity of the study remains to be mentioned.†(Pg. 579) [Why was this uotation included?] The doctor had an experiment that would turn back the hands of time, but he would not have any part of it, he just wanted to observe. [How is this paragraph related to the thesis?] (3) Dr. Heidegger called on four of his friends to help him with his experiment. [This topic sentence suggests a plot summary.] Mr. Medbourne who was a prosperous merchant in his early day (Pg. 579), Colonel Killigrew wasted his years on sinful pleasures (Pg. 579), Mr. Guscoigne was a ruined politician (Pg. 579), and Widow Wycherly was a beauty in her younger day, but had been isolated from society (Pg. 579). All of the friends had lived a life of relationships with all three men, [homosexual?] which almost caused them to kill each other over her, â€Å"had once been on the point of cutting each other's throats for her sake.†(Pg. 579) [This quotation is inaccurate.] This is what caused for her to be an outcast with the town. â€Å"scandalous stories which had prejudiced the gentry of the town against her.†(Pg. 579) [Frag - 1] When asked to participate in the experiment, they were all a little skeptical.

Human Arrangements Essay

The increase of poverty in the recent years is one of the major problems which the United States has to face. As the survey shows, the highest poverty rates in the United States were witnessed during the years of recession, for example 1960, 1975, 1983 and others. However, the poverty rates increased dramatically through 2001-2003. In 2002, the number of people in poverty reached 34. 4 million, which is 12. 1% of the population. The poverty rate was at its lowest level between 1970-1980 years, but since that time it never decreased until that level. In the last years, it was the lowest in 2000 (at the level of 11%) but since that time it kept increasing annually. In 2003, poverty rate reached 12. 5% which is 0. 4% higher than in 2002. The dynamics of poverty in the United States also shows that the most vulnerable members of the society are people under the age of 18 (17% of them are in poverty). Citizens aged 18-64 have had the lowest poverty rates up to 2002, when the level of poverty rates of seniors (aged 65 and older) reached their level. According to the regional characteristic, states in which poverty rates increased the most included Florida, Illinois, Utah, South Carolina and others. It is also necessary to analyze the dynamics of poverty rates among different races. According to the survey, poverty rates increased greatly among all of the races present in the United States. At the same time, the income level of White, Asian and Black households remained unchanged while the income of Hispanic households experienced some decrease. Among these groups, Black households have the lowest level of income and thus have the highest poverty rates among the groups in the society. In 2003, the median income of Black families reached only $30,000 which was only 62% of the $48,000 income of White households (non-Hispanic origin). The group with the highest income level, and thus the smallest number of people below the poverty line was Asians. Their average income reached $55,000 in 2003. It is possible to conclude that among all of the groups, Blacks are experiencing the most problems with obtaining income. Asian households receive almost the double income of what Black households receive. Due to the fact that poverty rates are increasing with years, it means that Black citizens are going to become more and more vulnerable in the society. In 2003, 24. 4% of Black people were below the poverty line, and the percentage has increasing by 2005. For comparison, only 11% of Asian people were below the poverty line in 2003. There are many reasons why the poverty rate among Blacks has changed the most during the recent years. First, due to discrimination, many Black people are still unable to get high-paying jobs which people of other origins get easily. The experience of New Orleans shows that despite the hopes of African Americans hat discrimination would be reduces with time, this process is very slow. Most of the people affected by hurricane in New Orleans lost their houses and jobs, and it will be very difficult for them to achieve their previous level of income in the following years. Unfortunately, the government did not take any measures to assist the people whose houses were devastated by the hurricane. Situation with New Orleans is only one of the examples of how discrimination occurs in the United States and Black population is unable to reach the same income level as other races. Another reason of high poverty rate among Blacks is their inability to enter prestigious establishments of higher learning. Due to the low income level of their families in comparison with other races, they are often unable to obtain good education which would lead them to high-paying jobs. At the same time, it is necessary to mark that due to the introduction of Civil Rights legislation, the poverty level of Blacks in the recent years is much lower than it was before the adoption of legislation. Even though the poverty rate has been increasing during the last years, the average rate is much lower than it was in the 50s. Despite the fact that Blacks are still experiencing some sort of discrimination, it is much less noticeable as it was before the adoption of Civil Rights legislation. Owing to the legislation, they finally got an opportunity to have the same rights as white people and thus the overall poverty level among Blacks declined dramatically in comparison with previous decades. Bibliography. 1. Poverty in the United States- 2002. Issued September 2003. Available at URL: http://www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/popula.html 2. Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States 2003. Issued August 2004. Available at URL: http://www. census. gov/prod/www/abs/income. html.

Client Centered Therapy Or Person Centred Therapy

1. Describe the major views of the model. This model is called client-centered therapy or person-centered therapy. It can also be known as Person-centered Psychotherapy, Person-centered counseling or Rogerian Psychotherapy. The basis of Rogers’s therapy is designed and wrapped around the client. The focus by its name is the client. Rather than suggesting the person is a counselee or a patient they have chosen the word client to make it less clinical and more relational in how the person possibly could feel about getting the help they need. Rogers would say that people have within them the ability to grow and change and become different and happier well-rounded people and that is the goal . The help they need is inside of themselves.†¦show more content†¦This helps to make the sessions more relational rather than clinical as they had been in years previous to Rogers therapy. The third Core Condition: Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR). As a CR gives â€Å"unconditional positive regard† the client’s â€Å"self-esteem and self-actualization† is positively influenced helping them deal better with their personal struggles around and within them. With UPR the CR does not push or ask questions that might upset or disturb the client. There is no criticism and the client is then free to share, express and talk about their struggles in a non-judgemental and pleasant and safe environment. By accepting the client unconditionally they can then see how their self-worth has been negatively affected by the actions and words of others, or distorted by others. â€Å"The purpose is to help clients reconnect with their inner values and sense of self-worth.† Rogers believed that by using the core conditions of empathy, congruence, and UPR, the client would feel safe enough to access their own potential. They would be able to move towards self-actualization, as Maslow called it, to be able to find the answers in themselves. The client needs a psychologically favored environment and then they will progress further. In other words, there needs to be a good relational climate created by the counselor and heShow MoreRelatedTheories And Theories Of Counseling1051 Words   |  5 Pagescounselors the overall view of theories and why they are important. Theories serve as a guide for counselors and give justification for treatment given. A lack of theory would make it hard for a counselor to connect with their client and know what methods to use for a specific client. Theories sets the tone of how a counselor can affect change in their client’s life. As a school counselor you would be dealing with children with different types personalities and behaviors. By being aware of the differentRead MoreThe Theory Of The Fully Functioning Person1146 Words   |  5 Pages Carl Rogers (1961) as stated that â€Å"the concept of the fully functioning Person, It was an attempt to spell out the picture of the person who would emerge if therapy were maximally successful† (On becoming a person: A therapist’s view of psychotherapy p.183) This fully function person as Carl Rogers (1961) described is a person who is in touch with his deepest and innermost feelings and needs. The individual understands their own emotions and place a deep trust in their own instincts and urgesRead MoreThe Humanistic School Of Counselling936 Words   |  4 Pagesevolved in the USA during the 1950’s (McLeod, 2015) and includes a large number of related approaches such as the Person-Centered approach, Existential and Gestalt. Although different in ways, these approaches share a number of goals and core beliefs, key to the humanistic school. Approaches within the humanistic school share the acknowledgement of the counsellor-client relationship and client autonomy. Although the counsellor adopts a helping role, the sessions encourage the client’s self-determinationRead MorePerson Centered Therapy : A Critical Analysis1606 Words   |  7 PagesPerson-Centered Therapy (PCT) embodies a humanistic approach, which is intended to increase a person’s feelings of self-worth, and reduce the level of incongruence between the ideal self and the actual self (Gelso, Cepeda Davenport, 2006). This critical analysis is meant to examine various approaches and skills counselors/therapists would use when applying a ‘person-centered’ type of therapy. This analysis briefly outlines what PCT is, but focuses more heavily on the various approaches used byRead MoreUnderstand Different Approaches to the Use of Counselling Skills1546 Words   |  7 Pagesused in counselling skills such as Humanistic Approach and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Approach. I will be discussing the key concepts in each approach and contrast both approaches. While Maslow was more of a theorist, Carl Rogers was more of a therapist. His professional goal was more on helping people change and improve their lives. He was a true follower of humanistic ideation and is often considered the person who gave psychotherapy its basic humanistic undertones. Rogers believed inRead MoreDefinition Of Person Centered Therapy1202 Words   |  5 Pages Person-Centered Theory Kebeh Beyan Walden University Person-centered therapy can be understood as a form of counseling and psychotherapy which puts a particular emphasis on conceptualizing and engaging with people in a deeply valuing and respectful way (Cooper McLeod, 2011). It was also mentioned that Person-centered therapy aims to provide clients with a set of therapeutic conditions in which they can reconnect with their actual, individual experiences and valuing processes, movingRead MoreEvaluate the Claim That Person-Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients2502 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients† The humanistic movement was established as a way to expand and improve upon the two other schools of thought; behaviourism and psychoanalysis, which had, up until the first half of the 20th century dominated psychology. An American theorist called Abraham Maslow began to research creativity in humans through art and science. He first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs inRead MoreModels of Counselling Within My Context2989 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Helping others is one of the most important aspects in life today. There are many different ways, and different forms of helping people. Helping others could make another person feel better either inside, or about them self. ‘Helping’ is one of those taken for granted words. It is a familiar part of our vocabulary. Traditionally, for example, social workers, youth workers and support workers, guidance counsellors and psychologist have been talked about as members of the helping professionsRead Moremodels and approaches relate to client need, therapeutic context and aims and objectives of the therapy.1106 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Through analysis and evaluation of models and approaches within counselling and psychotherapy therapeutic delivery, explain how models and approaches relate to client need, therapeutic context and aims and objectives of the therapy. Psychotherapists will be educated in various different models and whether they are approaching a client through the concept of observing external behaviours, the Behaviourist approach for example in which a therapist will look to condition new behaviours, or throughRead MoreCarl Rogers : Fully Functioning Person1772 Words   |  8 Pagesdescribed ‘The Fully Functioning Person’ and the therapeutic process of the client moving towards what he termed the ‘Good Life’ in 1961. Describe and critically assess these Rogerian concepts and model of therapy. Carl Rogers (1961, p.183) claimed â€Å"the concept of the fully functioning Person, It was an attempt to spell out the picture of the person who would emerge if therapy were maximally successful† This fully function person as Carl Rogers (1961) described is a person who is in touch with his

Elastic Energy Storage in the Shoulder and the Evolution...

Roach, Neil, Venkadesan Madhusdhan, Michael Rainbow, and Daniel Lieberman. Elastic energy storage in the shoulder and the evolution of high-speed throwing in Homo. Nature. 498.June 27 (2013): 483-487. Print. Neil Roach, Madhusudhan Venkadesan, and Michael Rainbow and Daniel E. Lieberman wrote the article, Elastic Energy Storage in the Shoulder and the Evolution of High-speed Throwing in Homo. The researchers said that the first humans had to be able to throw weapons in order to capture animals for food, and protect the dead animal from enemies. This skill was important for survival. In later times when there were weapons such as the bow and arrow, the importance of throwing was lessened. Although Darwin is credited with realizing this special ability that developed in humans we don’t know when or how it evolved. What is known is that humans are able to throw at high speeds while chimpanzees do not have the same capability (Roach et al 483). The authors conducted this study to see how and when this ability in humans evolved by studying the mechanics used in throwing. They compared the mechanics of throwing of humans to that of chimpanzees. The authors said that previous studies found that the internal rotator muscles are responsible fort the power of the human throw. The investigators hypothesize that the elastic energy storage is the important source for this power. They also stated that other features of the human shoulder are important in storing this energy and

Sociology Defining Human Behavior - 961 Words

Sociology: Defining Human Behavior In this paper we will discuss how sociology helps us to understand how human behavior is influenced by social and cultural forces and also, how society and culture are influenced by individual behavior. Sociology provides ways to understand why and how society functions. We ask ourselves how sociology helps us to understand how human behavior is guided by social and cultural forces. First of all, let us look at how sociology is defined. Sociology is defined as â€Å"the systematic study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings†. (Merriam-Webster Full Definition of Sociology, n.d.). Knowing this, we can begin to come to an answer of how it helps us to understand how we think, feel and act according to the influence of our cultures and the society around us. Those who study human behavior, sociologists, can gather information on how we as individuals and groups respond to our cultural beliefs as well as the social world that surrounds us. Society influences both human behavior and attitudes. Human behavior differs depending on the groups we are a part of. Take for example the observation made by Ruth Horowitz, a pr ofessor of Sociology at the University of Chicago, where she observed a lower-class Chicano neighborhood in Chicago. Horowitz discovered how the notion of â€Å"honor† drove young men to depart from the accepted standards. She formulized, â€Å"A real man has honor.Show MoreRelatedSociology : Defining Human Behavior948 Words   |  4 Pages Sociology: Defining Human Behavior Sociology helps us to understand how human behavior is influenced by social and cultural forces and also, how society and culture are influenced by individual behavior. Providing ways to understand why and how society functions, we ask ourselves how sociology helps us to understand how human behavior is guided by social and cultural forces. First of all, let us look at the meaning of sociology: â€Å"the systematic study of the development, structure, interactionRead MorePersonnel Management and Organizational Behavior1101 Words   |  5 PagesManagerial Skills: Strategies for Helping Managers In Organizations Personnel Management and Organizational Behavior Dr. Tassos Petrou February 20, 2007 Managerial Skills: Strategies for Helping Managers In Organizations Understanding Organizational Behavior (OB) presents countless challenges for managers in today’s changing society. Confronting these challenges accurately will assist managers in developing suitable environments for employees to execute occupational functionsRead MoreWhat is Psychology?925 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of psychology changed with dealing more with the scientific study of behavior. From about 1970 on, psychology was defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. However, according to nowadays definition of psychology, it could be defined as the study of the behavior and human mind. Factors which influencing our behavior include physical, emotions, thoughts and social. It can help to solve humans’ problems if we have a complete understanding of the above factors. There areRead MoreIs Education An Agent Of Socialization? Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesrole as an agent of socialization on individuals. Using religious studies, I would look into the varying views of different beliefs and their definitions of what education, knowledge, and success should mean to a human being. By collaborating my knowledge in both religious studies and sociology to compare the ultimate purpose and meaning of educational success in regards to both societal standards and religious belief, this research can serve as a step towards improving the issue of adolescent stressRead MoreA Study Of Development, Structure, And Functioning Of Human Society851 Words   |  4 PagesSynthesis 1 Sociology. The study of development, structure, and functioning of human society. It is the basis which scientists use to analyses social interactions and behaviors of those around us. For example, when you are watching the news and see a statistic of how a certain people group tends to have a specific pater of thought, this come directly from sociology. In other words, sociology is the means by which we use to understand each other. So far, we have covered many different topics rangingRead MoreKarl Marx, Emile Durkheim And Max Webers Influence On Religion1727 Words   |  7 PagesThree theorists, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, are undoubtedly the fathers of modern sociology. â€Å"Nineteenth century Western Europe was pounded by pivotal forces of transformation. Politics, education, religion, communication science, art, and social life were being revolutionized.† (Mohseni 1994;85) Each with distinct views on society and religion, these sociologists are and their t heories are significant especially in the field of society. Just as much as they play a major role in theRead MoreMy Role As A Society860 Words   |  4 Pageswho needed help. Reading the textbook showed me a lot of interesting facts that can either affect people negatively or positively in life. For example, it is known that there are different types of norms and norms are the established standards of behavior maintained by a society (pg. 59). However, not being able to follow these rules can negatively affect them by being looked down on by other people. And another quote that I found really interesting is how culture helps to unify and provide meaningRead MoreUnderstanding The Looking Glass Self1129 Words   |  5 PagesA wise sociologist once said, â€Å"In order to be -- or become -- fully human, humans need a great deal of proficiency at taking account of others and forming relationships with them.† Sociology teaches humans where we connect to different groups as well as classifying them into these groups. These classifications that we are assigned include, economic status level, education, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. By doing so, we p erceive the view of ourselves and others in the world. The Looking Glass-SelfRead MoreDeviance Theory Analysis Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagesas the intentional or accidental violation of the particular behavioral aspects and ways that people are expected to act within a society (Hardy). When an individual breaks the societal rules of conduct, they are said to be involved in deviant behaviors. However, due to the dynamism of the societies, what may be regarded as a deviant act in one society could be regarded as normal within another society. This brings out the issue that deviance may be viewed as relative to both time and location withRead MoreThe Concept Of The Looking Glass Self1423 Words   |  6 PagesSociology 1110 Winter 2015 Assignment 4 – Expository-Explanatory Paper The increase in interest to the problem of communication in sociology actualized questions of understanding the nature of the individual. This determined the weakening of the behaviorist tradition, which is characterized by a nihilistic attitude to the study of psychological processes and the determination of the human life as a manifestation of the externally observable behavior (by analogy with the animal reaction). The interactionist

Benefits of a Database Information Gathering Techniques Free Essays

Assignment Three: Benefits of a Database Information Gathering Techniques Ian Keller Strayer University Introduction to Relational Database Management Systems CIS 111 Professor Jonathan C. Thrall April 26th, 2012 Databases are very important to every person in the world today. Whatever you do in you daily routine you are bound to come in contact with some form of database and our world has become so dependent on it that most people won’t even realize the importance of databases. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of a Database Information Gathering Techniques or any similar topic only for you Order Now A database is a bunch of files that are usually integrated electronically together to make up one big file. The database stores all of these files in one location and numerous people can access this information all at the same time if they have the proper access from the database administrator. Things that many people do every day that involve database involvement are things like calling a creditor on the phone to talk about a utility bill, performing transactions with you bank online, over the phone or in person, and also using a credit card to pay for supplies at a local retail store. All of these things require access to some sort of database. Database design is basically separated into categories the first being external where data can have multiple views and how the data can be stored into a physical form. Another category is conceptual where internal and external data communicate between each other (Ricardo, 2012). Accounting, bookkeeping information, personal financial records, stocks and personal property inventories are only some examples of how databases are managed and can be created for a multitude of things and all of these different types of files and data can be managed through a Database Management System (DBMS). The better the DBMS system is the better that system will support the organization. When you have a DBMS that supports the organization, that organization will be able to increase productivity, profits and overall status of business. There are many different DBMS designs and some have been proven to work very well. One of those types is the Relational Database System. A DBMS that falls into this category would have to be a DBMS that is capable of maintaining a good relationship among any new data and generate good communications between it and the existing data already in the system (Differentiating 2012). A DBMS has many benefits which will help to keep the organization’s profits at a continuous incline. A well designed and implemented DBMS can organize accounts, maintain records, process requests and prioritize past, present and future events. It will provide the ability to store millions of files of multiple types in one single location and because all those files are in one location, it will also provide the ability to have multiple employees located in multiple areas and non-employees who may be temporarily working for the said organization for a period of time. With a personalized password and few clicks of the mouse all personnel mentioned above can be given complete or partial access to the database for an indefinite or temporary period of time. As with any system benefits also can be drowned out with some disadvantages as well and one of the disadvantages that have is that with many DBMS structures it can be confusing and difficult to navigate through some of the commands. The complexity is much more advanced than many of the Microsoft programs that many employees may be familiar with. This particular problem also causes the system to be very time consuming to unfamiliar users. Security is also a concern as with any electronic device especially ones with internet capability because nothing in this world of technology is â€Å"hacker proof†, meaning the system just like any other, is vulnerable. Another type of database is a Flat File database. This type of database stores data in the form of plain text meaning just what it says; only text can be stored. Every line contained in this type of database constitutes one record. The fields in this kind of database are separated by commas, tabs or delimiters. A flat file is a database that uses a simple structure but as simple as it is the more data added to it, the less efficient it can become. The benefit of the flat file database is that most Microsoft programs such as Microsoft Access, can imported from a flat file converting it so multiple data as well as data types can be used (Flat File 2012). When creating a database from the beginning it can seem very overwhelming at first. There is so much to think of but there are tools available to you that can help guide you through the process. Many database systems have an important role and if they aren’t customized for that particular organization, then the benefits would not be as great. Tools that are available to the organization that help a great deal with construction a database for the first time are available in many forms. Starter packages such as the CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) package, is a package that contains information to help. This package contains steps for creating a system analysis, project management, and design plans. If the information is used correctly it will help the organization learn how collect the information and determine what information to collect. There is also Project Management Software that can organize your data once it’s collected so the data is prioritized correctly. Last a system catalog can be implemented to work alongside the other aids mentioned above which all work hand in hand to create, manage and maintain the organization’s information. The advantage about most of these programs is they updated automatically with each other (Ricardo 2012). In the rapidly advancing world today, it really is not practical to not have a database program implemented for whatever activities you frequent. Whether it is a business, organization, government agency, community club or even at personal information at home, having files of multiple types organized and merged into one file location is just a smart way of doing business whether the business be personal or professional. Reference Differentiating a good database design from a bad database design.. (n. d. ). Free management Articles – Management resource guide. Retrieved april 26, 2012, from http://www. management-hub. com/database-design. html Flat file definition. (n. d. ). The tech terms computer dictionary. Retrieved april 26, 2012, from http://www. techterms. com/definition/flatfile Ricardo, c. m. (2012). Databases illuminated (2. ed. ). Sudbury, ma: Jones bartlett learning. How to cite Benefits of a Database Information Gathering Techniques, Essay examples

Tom Jones All free essay sample

After 18 months he had to return home because his father was no longer able to pay him an allowance. â€Å"Having,† as he said, â€Å"no choice but to be a hackney-writer or a hackney-coachman,† he chose the former and set up as playwright. In all, he wrote some 25 plays. Although his dramatic works have not held the stage, their wit cannot be denied. He was essentially a satirist; for instance, The Author’s Farce (1730) displays the absurdities of writers and publishers, while Rape upon Rape (1730) satirizes the injustices of the law and lawyers. His target was often the political corruption of the times. In 1737 he produced at the Little Theatre in the Hay (later the Haymarket Theatre), London, his Historical Register. In 1743 Fielding published three volumes of Miscellanies, works old and new, of which by far the most important is The Life of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great. Here, narrating the life of a notorious criminal of the day, Fielding satirizes human greatness, or rather human greatness confused with power over others. Permanently topical, Jonathan Wild, with the exception of some passages by his older contemporary, the Anglo-Irish satirist Jonathan Swift, is perhaps the grimmest satire in English and an exercise in unremitting irony. The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling was published on Feb. 28, 1749. With its great comic gusto, vast gallery of characters, and contrasted scenes of high and low life in London and the provinces, it has always constituted the most popular of his works. Like its predecessor, Joseph Andrews, it is constructed around a romance plot. The hero, whose true identity remains unknown until the denouement, loves the beautiful Sophia Western, and at the end of the book he wins her hand. Numerous obstacles have to be overcome before he achieves this, however, and in the course of he action the various sets of characters pursue each other from one part of the country to another, giving Fielding an opportunity to paint an incomparably vivid picture of England in the mid-18th century. 11th Edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica (pub. 1911) http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/206345/Henry-Fielding 19. 05. 2013 Plot: . On an inherited estate in Somersetshire in southwestern England, Squire Allworthy lives comfortably in a magnificent Gothic mansion with his spinster sister Bridget. Allworthy had been married to a beautiful woman who bore him three children, all of whom died in infancy. Their mother then followed them to the grave. The squire does not intend to remarry. If Bridget marries and bears a child, it would become the squires heir. She has time, for she is still in her thirties. . One evening, upon his return from a three-month business trip in London, the squire discovers an infant soundly sleeping in his bed and summons his housekeeper, Mrs. Deborah Wilkins, to care for it until the squire gets a nurse for the child. Mrs. Wilkins speculates that the child was born of a neighborhood hussy who ought to be punished severely. . Faugh! how it stinks! she says. It doth not smell like a Christian. . She recommends that the squire place it in a basket and take it to the local church. But he has already grown fond of the little chap. . At breakfast the next day, Allworthy informs his sister of the find. She exhibits compassion for the child but not for the mother, whom she refers to as an audacious harlet, wicked jade, and vile strumpet. After concluding that none of their virtuous servant girls could be impugned in the matter, the Allworthys charge Mrs. Wilkins with learning the identity of the mother. The housekeeper secures the help of a friend, an elderly matron who knows her way around the neighborhood. . It is not long before they fix their suspicion on a young girl named Jenny Jones, the servant of a schoolmaster, Mr. Partridge. She is unlike other girls her age in that, surrounded by the schoolm asters books, she has educated herself and even learned Latin from her master. The suspicions of the two women intensify when they recall that Jenny had spent time in the Allworthy home tending Miss Bridget during an illness. . When Mrs. Wilkins summons her, she confesses her guilt. Squire Allworthy, a magistrate, tells the girl that the law empowers him to punish her. However, he merely upbraids her for her immoral conduct, then informs her that he will rear the child in his home and provide for it in a way that she cannot. When he asks her to identify the father, she says honor and â€Å"religious vows† prevent her from doing so. Allworthy sends her to Little Baddington, a town a days journey away, to protect her from wagging tongues. Neighbors then aim their gossip at Allworthy, suggesting that he fathered the child. He is, of course, innocent of the charge. Fielding, H / Introduction, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling / New York: Modern Library, p. viii. – 1950 Themes Love: Tom Joness love for Sophia, thwarted at first by his own behavior and the actions of others, continues to burn within him after Squire Allworthy banishes him. After Tom determines to win her back, his love for her becomes the primary motive in everything he does, even when he becomes the plaything of Lady Bellaston. Hypocrisy: Examples: Blifil pretends to be honest, loyal, and fair-minded but is a hateful schemer behind the backs of others. Thwackum and Square pretend to be morally upright. But Thwackum abuses Tom; Square visits the morally loose teenager Molly Seagrim. Deceit: Examples: Bridget, the mother of Tom, hires Jenny Jones to pretend to be his mother. Blifil learns after the death of his mother that she was also the mother of Tom Jones. But he pretends to know nothing of the matter while continuing demean his half-brother. Compiled by Michael J. Cummings.  © 2010 http://www. cummingsstudyguides. net/Guides5/Jones. html 9. 05. 2013 List of Characters Tom Jones (a bastard and ward of Mr Allworthy) Mr Allworthy (a wealthy squire with an estate in Somersetshire) Ms Bridget Allworthy/Mrs Blifil (Mr Allworthys sister who also ends up being the mother of Tom Jones) Master Blifil (Captain and Mrs Blifils son) Mr Partridge (a teacher) Jenny Jones (the Partridges servant) Black George Seagrim (a gamekeeper) Molly Seagrim (Black Georges second daughter) Mr. Square (a philosopher) Squire Western (a hunting man) Sophia Western (the Squires only daughter) Mrs Honour (Sophias maid) Mrs Harriet Fitzpatrick (ward of Mrs Western and wife of Fitzpatrick, an Irishman) Mrs. Western (the Squires unmarried sister). Mr Dowling (an attorney) Lady Bellaston (Toms lover and a leading figure in London society) Vols. I II. Harvard Classics Shelf of Fiction / Fielding, Henry. The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling. / New York: P. F. Collier Son, 1917; Character Tom Jones, Fieldings imperfect and mortal hero, is the character through whom Fielding gives voice to his philosophy of Virtue. In contrast to the moral philosophizing of many of Fieldings contemporaries, Fielding does not suggest that Toms affairs with Molly Seagrim, Mrs. Waters, and Lady Bellaston should reflect badly on his character. Rather, keeping with the Romantic genre, Fielding seems to admire Toms adherence to the principles of Gallantry, which require that a man return the interest of a woman. Interestingly, all of Toms love affairs, including his relationship with Sophia, his true love, are initiated by the woman in question, which is Fieldings way of excusing Tom from the charge of lustful depravity. Moreover, the fact that Toms lovers include a feisty, unfeminine wench and two middle-aged women suggest that his motives are various. Tom also treats women with the utmost respect, obliging their desire to be courted by pretending to be the seducer even when they are seducing him. Tom refuses to abandon Molly for Sophia and is plagued by his obligations to Lady Bellaston. Nonetheless, Toms refusal of the tempting marriage proposal of Arabella Hunt—whose last name underscores the fact that Tom is hunted more often than he is the hunter—indicates that he has mended his wild ways and is ready to become Sophias husband. Toms gallantry reveals itself in his relationships with men as well as women, however. This spirit is evident in Toms insistence on paying the drinking bill for the army men at Bristol, and in his gallant defense of himself in the duel. I am convinced, my child, that you have much goodness, generosity and honour in your temper; if you will add prudence and religion to these, you must be happy: for the three former qualities, I admit, make you worthy of happiness, but they are the latter only which will put you in possession of it. Allworthy, Page 228O Blifil: Bifil is the complete opposite of Jones’s character. By no means does Blifil think of someone else’s welfare. He is always thinking what can he gain from a situation. He is obsessed with the future; all of his actions are based on eventually getting the most amount of Allworthy’s estate. By the end of the novel Blifil unlike Jones did not learn anything to the contrary all he did was corrupt his values to an even futher extent. Squire Allworthy: Allworthy is supposed to be correct all the time hence his last name but his actions as the novel progresses questions his decision making process and his better judgment of what is right and what is wrong. He makes his conclusions on Jones’s actions not by reasoning and analyzing the situation at hand but instead makes his decisions following what he understands what is right and wrong. Allworthy at the end of the novel dmits that his decisions to reason the way he did and judge Jones the way he did were wrong. Sophia: Sophia is the essence of womanhood in the novel. She is very honest and obedient in the novel but she also has a sense of independence towards her father’s wishes. After she and Tom are lovers and Tom is extradited from the town Sophia is willing to go against her father’s order to stay an d marry Blifil and she leaves the town to go and find Jones. Although Sophia is very honest and loving she does not think like Jones. She is not dedicated like Jones. She puts her personal interest before the welfare of others. Squire Western: Western like Tom is a very energetic and lively character. He does not analyze things too much just simply does what he feels like doing. It seems as if Western enjoys every moment because of his friendly and jovial attitude. Western though is also a very closed and stubborn man, once he believes in one idea there is no one who can change his mind. We have got the dog fox, I warrant the bitch is not far off. Squire Western, Page 491 The hunting metaphor reveals the extent to which Squire Western is preoccupied with his country pursuits. Though his quest to find his daughter is ostensibly his top priority he claims she is the love of his life, and his greed is likewise undisguised this phrase shows that it is almost like a pastime to him, a way to fill the hours. Much like he does with hunting, he thinks of it as a game, which robs it of its emotional weight. This idea reveals not only the hypocrisy of the upper class, but also the way they cling to certain rituals even when those rituals contradict their professed sentiments. Thwankum and Square: Both these characters teach and live in Allworthy’s estate for the economic advantages.